Dandruff and dry scalp are two different medical conditions with similar symptoms – falling flakes and an itchy scalp.

These Occur Due to Several Reasons 

Fungal Infection 

One of the most common causes of dandruff is a fungal infection on the scalp called Malassezia. This fungus feeds on the natural oil in the scalp and causes the skin cells to shed more quickly, leading to a flaky, itchy scalp.

Dryness 

A dry scalp can be caused by a lack of moisture in the scalp, cold weather, hot shower, harsh shampoos or other hair products, or by using too many heat styling tools. This causes an itchy and dry scalp.

Skin Conditions

Certain skin conditions, such as eczema or psoriasis, can also cause dry, flaky scalp. 

Hormonal Changes

Hormonal changes, such as those occurring during puberty or menopause, can affect oil production levels in the scalp and lead to dandruff. 

Diet

A poor diet lacking essential nutrients, such as vitamins and minerals, can also contribute to dandruff and dry scalp.